论刑法对医疗技术革命挑战的立法应对

Criminal Laws’ Legislative Responses to Challenges from Medical Technology Revolution

医疗技术革命在给人类带来巨大福祉的同时,也给刑法带来了三大挑战:通过对伦理的冲击,直接或者间接地挑战刑法;催生新的犯罪;可能带来技术上和破坏民主政治的风险。立法应对是法秩序稳定要求下的终极选择,但由于影响立法的因素太多,立法往往难以速成。以立法方法应对医疗技术革命最重要的是要考察立法的必要性与谦抑性、行为的可规范性、立法的意图与副作用、惩罚的依据与边界等,同时也要考察生命伦理可立法的范畴。

Medical technology revolution has brought great benefits to human beings. Meanwhile, it has also brought three major challenges to criminal laws： directly or indirectly challenging criminal laws through the impact on ethics; resulting in new crimes; bringing in technological risks and risks that destroy democratic politics. Legislation should be the ultimate choice under the demand for a stable legal order. However, due to numerous influential factors, it is not easy to achieve a fast legislation. It is the most important in legislative responses to medical technology revolution to consider the necessity and modesty of legislation, the possibility to regulate certain behaviors, intention and side-effects of legislation, bases and limits of punishment and the range that can be legislated within life ethics.