大庆市土壤环境质量时空变化特征分析及污染源分析

Assessing the spatial-temporal variations of heavy metals and analysing source of pollution in Daqing City

以大庆环境监测站提供的数据为依据，通过对大庆市1996-2010年土壤环境质量监测数据的数学分析，揭示了15年间大庆在石油资源开发和快速城市化过程中土壤重金属含量的时空变化特征。采用单项指数法（Pi）和Nemerow的综合污染指数（P）对大庆土壤质量进行评价。结果表明：大庆四个不同功能区（牧业草原区、农业开发区、石油化工区、油田开发区）中油田开发区综合污染指数最高，其次为石油化工区，牧业草原区综合污染指数最低。采用As、Cd、Cu、Pd四种重金属作为主要评价因子，其中对大庆土壤重金属污染贡献值最高的是Pd，其次为Cu。近15年来，四个功能区中的重金属浓度总体均呈上升趋势。另外通过对土壤中重金属来源进行测定和分析，结果显示目前落地原油并未对土壤产生重金属污染，但废钻井液对土壤重金属污染有较大影响。

Based on the date of environment monitoring station in the Daqing, we analysis the date from 1996 to 2010 by mathematical analysis, the results have revealed the spatial- temporal variations of heavy metals in Daqing soil. Pollution index （PI） and Nemerow＇s synthetical pollution indexes （P） were used to assess Daqing soil quality. The results indicated that synthetical pollution indexes in oil development area is highest in the four different zones, ,the next is in oil chemical industry area, and the lowest is in grassland farming area. Selecting As,Cd,Cu,Pd as the evaluation factors. The concentration of Pd is highest, the next one is Cu. In the last fifteen years, the heavy metal concentration in the four different zones overall shows a ascending trend, we measure and analyze the source of the heavy metal pollution, the results showed that ground crude oil didn＇t pollute the oil ,but drilling fluid makes a great impact on heavy metal pollution.