城乡差距的形成及其治理逻辑:理论分析与实证检验——基于城市偏向理论的视角

The Formation and Governance Logic of Urban-Rural Gap:Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Test from the Perspective of Urban-Bias Theory

"城乡差距"一直是中国城乡发展良性推进中的症结性问题。通过从城市偏向理论的视角对城乡差距的形成逻辑进行系统分析,并结合江苏省市级面板数据,运用固定效应模型,对城市偏向与城乡差距的关系进行实证检验。发现城市偏向政策是中国城乡差距形成的本质原因,且回归结果显示工业固定资产投资、地方政府财政支出、科教文卫支出、公共服务支出等存在显著的城市偏向。为此,城乡差距问题的消解,应立足于"乡村本位"的价值思考,摒弃"城市偏向型政策",建构"包容性"的城乡发展政策,才能有效达成城市与乡村社会的衔接。

The gap between urban and rural area has always been the crux of the problem in China＇s urban and rural development. From the perspective of the urban-bias theory, this paper per- forms a systematical analysis of the formation logic of the urban-rural gap. Combined with the panel data at city level of Jiangsu province and applying the fixed effects model, it conducts an empirical test on the relationship between the urban bias and the urban-rural gap. The result indicates that the urban-biased policies are the essential reasons for the urban-rural gap in China. Besides, the regression results show that there exists a significant urban bias in industrial fixed assets investment, fiscal ex- penditure of local government, expenditures in science, education, culture and health care, and public services expenditures. Therefore, the problem of elimination of urban-rural gap should be solved in such a way as to insist on the value consideration of rural position, abandon the urban bias policies, and construct the inclusive urban-rural development policies, than the integration of the urban and ru- ral development will be effectively achieved.