动态能力如何影响组织操作常规?——一项双案例比较研究

How does the Dynamic Ability Impact on the Convention of Organization's Operation? ——A Comparative Double-case Study

当今企业面临的市场环境日趋多变,对企业响应环境变化的能力提出了更高的要求。战略管理理论和演化经济学理论对企业的动态能力和组织常规进行了研究,提出了"企业通过培育动态能力使操作常规发生变化"这一观点。然而,后续研究中关于动态能力影响操作常规变化的作用机制没有进一步论述。本文旨在进一步探讨在动荡的市场环境下企业的动态能力如何作用于操作常规。作为一项过程机制探索性研究,本文采用案例研究方法,分析如家和7天两家经济型连锁酒店集团的动态能力和操作常规变化,运用模式匹配研究策略,归纳出理论命题。基于深度调研中所得案例企业数据与理论对接的不断迭代和归纳分析,我们得到了如下研究发现:第一,企业操作常规变化可区分为突变和渐变两种类型;第二,企业动态能力由3个维度构成,包括感知能力、获取能力和转换能力,但两家企业在这些维度上的特征表现不尽相同;第三,借鉴主体性理论,从企业中的主体分布层次和时间导向下的能动性发挥两个角度,将动态能力构型区分为两种类型,管理型动态能力和创业型动态能力;第四、通过过程机制的研究,发现不同类型的动态能力会产生不同类型的主体能动性发挥,进而对操作流程运作的特定主体及其能动性发挥产生影响,最后引发分布不同的各类主体在操作阶段产生出类型各异的操作常规变化。本研究打开了动态能力影响操作常规变化的"黑箱",使以往研究常规或惯例变化的演化理论与企业战略管理理论得到了结合,并深化了对不同阶层常规之间相互影响的过程机制的认识。

At present, the market environment that enterprises are facing is daily becoming volatile, which makes still higher requirement to the ability of the environment that firms must adapt. The strategy management theory and the evolution economics theory have made a study on enterprise's dynamic ability(DA) and organizational routines and put forward the view that'enterprises make the operational routine(OR) by means of cultivating the DA'. However, the follow-up researches have not further discussed the functional mechanism of the change in the OR influenced by the DA. In this article, we intend to further probe how firm DA, works, under the unstable circumstances, on the OR. As an exploring study on the process mechanism, we have, in this paper, adopted the method of case study, and analyzed the change in the DA of and the OR of the Rujia Company and the Seven-day Company – the two chain hotel groups, and used the tactics of the research of the model adaptation to induct a theoretic proposition. Based on the continuous iteration and induction and analysis of the linking up of the data collected from profound investigations and researches with the theo ry, we discovered, in theory, that(1) the change in firm's OR can be divided into two kinds: the revolutionary change and the gradual change;(2) the firm's DA is formed by three dimensions, including sensing ability, seizing ability and transferring ability, but the expression of the characteristics of these dimensions of the above-mentioned enterprises is not completely the same;(3) by the use, for reference, of the theory of the main body, from the two angles—the distri bution arrangement of the main body and the play of the initiative of the time orientation, the type of formation of the DA is divided into two kinds: the DA of the type of management and the DA of type of entrepreneurship;(4) by the study on the process mechanism, we have found that different kind of DA will produce different kind of play of the ini tiative of the main body, impacting on the specific main body of the process operation and finally sparking off the change of different kind of OR produced, at the stage of operation, by all kinds of main body with different arrange ment. In this article, we have opened the'black box'in which the DA impacts on the change of the OR, making the combination of the past evolution theory that studies the change of the routine or the common practice with the theory of the strategic management of the enterprise, and deepened the cognition of the interactive, between different stratum, process mechanism.