食盐加碘对杭州市城乡孕妇碘营养水平的影响

The Effect of Iodized Salt Intervention on Iodine Nutrition Status among Pregnant Women in Hangzhou

目的了解杭州市在全民食盐加碘后城乡不同孕期妊娠妇女碘营养状况,为妊娠妇女科学补碘提供依据。方法杭州市12个县(市、区)各抽取一个调查点,各调查点选择100名不同孕期的妊娠妇女。采集其家庭盐样和尿样,分别采用硫代硫酸钠直接滴定法和酸消化砷-铈接触法进行盐碘和尿碘检测。结果杭州市共检测妊娠妇女家庭盐碘1172份,盐碘中位数为28.7 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为96.47%,合格碘盐食用率为94.02%。检测尿样1172份,尿碘中位数值为125.00μg/L,其中城区、郊区和农村妊娠妇女尿碘中位数分别为132.00、121.90和118.90μg/L,3组间尿碘浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。3组妊娠妇女尿碘浓度<150μg/L分别为58.95%、71.50%和65.14%。孕早、中、晚期孕妇尿碘中位数分别是127.00、127.65和122.05μg/L,其中各期孕妇尿碘<150μg/L的比率分别为58.87%、64.52%和66.04%,不同孕期之间尿碘<150μg/L的比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论杭州市城乡部分不同孕期妊娠妇女碘营养水平仍处于碘缺乏状况,建议孕妇除坚持食用合格碘盐外,还应每周适当食用富碘的海产品,同时加强对妊娠妇女的碘营养监测。

Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in different gestation periods after the universal salt iodization in Hangzhou and to provide theoretical basses for scientific iodine supplement. Methods 12 investigation points were randomly selected from 12 districts in Hangzhou and at each investigation point, 100 pregnant women in different gestation periods were selected as subjects. Household salt and urine samples were collected to be detected by direct titration of sodium thiosuffate and acid digestion arsenic - cerium contact method respectively. Results In 1172 samples of household salt collected, the median of salt iodine was 28.7 mg/kg, the coverage rate of iodine salt was 96.47% , and the qualified iodine salt rate was 94.02%. While the median of urinary iodine in urban, suburb and rural areas was 132.00 μg/L, 121.90μg/L and 118.90 μg/L respectively and the percents of urinary iodine concentration less than 150 μg/L were 58.95% , 71.50% and 65.14%, respectively, which had a statistical significance （χ2 = 13. 407, P 〈0. 01 ）. The median of urinary iodine in early gestation, mid- gestation and late -gestation were 127.00 μg/L, 127.65 μg/L and 122.05 μg/L respectively. The percents of urinary iodine concentrationless than 150 μg/L were 58.87%, 64.52% and 66.04% , respectively, which showed no statistically significant difference （χ2 = 4. 901, P = 0. 086 ）. Conclusion Part of pregnant women in Hangzhou is still lack of iodine intake. We suggest that pregnant women should appropriately take iodine - rich seafood weekly and strengthen the iodine nutritive surveillance in addition to the consumption of qualified iodine salt.