我国南方红壤酸化和铝毒现状及防治

Status of Red Soil Acidification and Aluminum Toxicity in South China and Prevention

南方红壤区是我国农业生产的重要基地,然而,红壤酸化和铝毒导致该区耕地生产力和质量下降。本文整理分析了近5年南方红壤酸化的相关报道和广东主要酸雨区森林土壤的调查结果,发现,红壤酸化面积加大,并且酸化程度和铝毒害日趋严重。本文还详尽阐述了导致南方红壤酸化加快和铝毒加重的主要因素,如酸沉降加剧、化肥不合理使用以及农业集约化生产和单一化种植。在此基础上,指出控制酸沉降、合理的施肥方式和作物栽培方式,是防治红壤酸化的主要措施。

The large areas of red soils in south China are critical food-producing and industrial crops producing regions for China. However, agriculture therein is seriously limited by the growing soil acidification and aluminum toxicity. Evidences indicate that soil acidification and aluminum toxicity is more and more serious in recent years. Soil acidification and aluminum toxicity in this area are mainly caused by acid deposition, fertilization, intensive agriculture and monoculture. Recent reports in red soil acidification and aluminum toxicity in south China, and its major cause were analyzed in depth in this review. Furthermore, preventive measures, such as controlling acid precipitation, applying reasonable fertilization and crop cultivation measures were suggested.