对外贸易与我国的劳动力需求弹性

Foreign Trade and China's Labor Demand Elasticity

本文利用2001-2010年我国32个工业行业的面板数据,在产出约束、资本约束的视角下,分别对全部行业样本、资本密集型行业样本、劳动密集型行业样本进行了考察,实证分析了对外贸易对我国劳动力需求弹性的影响。研究结果表明:进出口贸易是影响我国劳动力需求弹性的重要因素,出口有利于降低劳动力需求弹性,进口有利于提高劳动力需求弹性,但是,对外贸易对不同类型行业的劳动力需求弹性影响不同,出口对资本密集型行业的影响较大且显著,进口对劳动密集型行业的影响较大且显著。因此,增加出口特别是增加资本密集型行业的出口对稳定国内就业具有重要的作用。

With the development of China＇s foreign trade, international trade is exerting a stronger effect on China＇ s labor market. Using panel data of 32 manufacturing industries from 2001 to 2010, this paper examines the impact of international trade on labor demand elasticity in China. The findings suggest that international trade is a significant influential factor of labor demand elasticity. Ex- port works to decrease the elasticity, while import increases it, but the impact of trade on labor-intensive manufacturing industries and capital-intensive manufactur- ing industries varies strikingly, with the latter more responsive to export. Thus it former more sensitive to import and the is very important to increase export, par- ticularly export in capital-intensive industries, to help stabilize China＇s domestic employment, as concluded in this paper.