建设项目环境影响评价的科学认识与价值判断——自然科学性与人文社会性的复合

Scientific Recognition and Value Judgment of Project Environmental Impact Assessment—Combination of Natural Sciences and Social Sciences

近年来,建设项目的环境影响问题一直是社会公众环境权益争论的关键,直接影响到基于自然科学认知为基础环境影响评价(环评)工作的顺利展开。本研究针对该问题,从国内对环境影响评价科学研究的现状展开论述,并结合环评理论在国外的发展缘起出发,从本质上把握环境影响评价理论发展的轨迹,甄别亟待解决的症结,引出对环评中科学认识与价值判断的探讨:着重在理论层面对科学认识与价值判断进行认识和解读的基础上,提出将自然科学性与人文社会属性两者进行复合。即研究人类的活动对环境可能造成的后果的客观影响的同时也需强化对环境影响评价的社会属性的认知与实质性落实。为不断更新环评理论知识,有必要将社会环境价值纳入环评价值判断体系内,量化其影响,实现环评工作自然科学性和人文社会性的有机结合,以推动环评实践工作的开展。进而科学地将其引入到环评研究的范畴中,实现价值判断对推进环评工作的重要社会功能,根据当前对环评研究的现状,提出了两者结合研究,特别是推进环境社会研究的思路与框架的建构,以便有力地促进环评理论工作的广泛展开和更为有效地推动环评实践工作的开展。

In recent years, the environmental impact of construction projects, has been critical of public environmental rights debate, to natural science cognition based on the environmental impact assessment （EIA） directly affects the work smoothly. The study was outspreaded from the present-day research advancement of domestic EIA, and meanwhile a combination with the origin of EIA theory abroad. Basically to follow its development trace, particularly to seek for the tough aspects which should be treated seriously, a discussion about scientific recognition and value judgment of EIA was introduced. On the understanding and demonstration of scientific recognition and value judgment theoretically, an assumption to combine the EIA properties of natural science and society practically, namely not only there is an urgent need to insist working on the non-subjective recognition of the outcomes possibly caused by human- being activities on environment at natural science dimension, but also strengthen the recognition of value-cored social properties and practice materially, and what＇s more, rationally attempting is made to introduce value-cored social properties into the category of EIA study, fulfilling the important social function of value judgment to boost EIA practices. Based on the current status of EIA study, bringing forward the combination research of the mentioned two aspects, particularly, pushing the thought of environmental sociology and framework construction to the effect that promoting EIA theory study work widely carried out and guide practice work more effectively.