输变电设备电接触过热及劣化机理研究进展

Progress on Electrical Contact Overheating and Deterioration Mechanisms of Power Transmission and Transformation Equipment

针对电网输变电设备电接触(电连接)元件异常过热频发问题,综述了电接触相关理论及过热发生机理的最新研究成果。首先概述了当前电力设备异常发热的总体形势与特点,然后介绍了电接触的基本理论及研究进展,澄清了关于电接触的一些似是而非的认识;进而结合输变电设备的服役工况及所处的自然环境因素,从腐蚀(电偶腐蚀、电损伤及氧化腐蚀)、温度因素及微动等方面讨论了引起电接触元件劣化的机理及其协同作用;最后讨论了我国电力系统电连接技术及施工存在的问题,并提出了增强电连接可靠性的一些建议。

Firstly, the current overall situation and features of power equipment overheating were summarized, the basic theory and research progress of electrical contact were introduced, and then some specious understandings of electrical contacts were clarified. Secondly, combined with the service condition and natural environment of power transmission and transformation equipments, the deterioration mechanism and synergistic reaction of electrical contact element were discussed from aspects of corrosion （galvanic corrosion, electrical damage and oxidation corrosion） , temperature factor and fretting. Finally, the current problems existed in electrical contact technology and construction in the power system were discussed, and some suggestions were proposed for the reliability improvement of electrical contacts.