运载火箭飞行减载控制技术

Load Control Technology in Launch Vehicle

减载的目的是通过减小气流攻角,降低作用在箭体上的气动载荷,从而提高结构强度的可靠性,也有降低结构重量、提高运载能力的效果。在各种减载技术中,被动的弹道修正法被普遍应用于运载火箭,但设计人员一直在寻求主动的减载技术,通过对横法向过载的直接控制,或估算出气流攻角进行控制,以提高火箭的适应能力。本文结合已有的测量数据,对上述各种技术的原理以及效果进行分析。可以预见的是,随着参数精度的提高带动主动减载技术的应用,将能进一步提升长征系列运载火箭的竞争力。

Load control is used to decrease angle of attack, which can reduce aerodynamic loading, in- crease strength reliability, cut down weights and enhances carrying capacity. Among various load control technologies, passive trajectory correction is widely used in launch vehicle （LV）, but by the control of hori- zontal and vertical load or by the control of estimated angle of attack, the research in active technology is still continuing to improve the adaptability. Through the analysis of the telemetry data, the principle and effect of these technologies are introduced in this paper. For the foreseeable future, the active load control technology which is driven by the precision improvement in measurement and estimation will further raise the competitiveness of LMLVs.