低压低氧预处理保护机制的研究进展

Research advances on the hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning

背景大量实验证据表明多种预处理方式均可诱导机体产生内源性耐受机制。低压低氧预处理（hvpobaric hypoxia preconditioning，HHP）的保护作用已得到大量研究的证实。目的通过对近年来研究进展的总结对HHP的保护作用及机制予以阐述。内容HHP可以抗抑郁和焦虑、调节免疫稳态、降低缺血，再灌注（ischemia／reperfusion，I，R）和严重低氧（severehypoxia，SH）损害，诱导机体内源性耐受机制产生。HHP保护作用复杂且涉及多个方面，如低氧诱导因子-1（hypoxic inducible factor-1，HIF-1）、活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）、热休克蛋白（heatshockproteins，HSPs）、雌激素、凋亡通路等信号转导通路等。趋向未来的研究除进一步探究HHP的保护机制，同时应建立一种既不损伤组织又能产生与预适应效应的HHP方法，加强HHP的临床应用，为实际工作提供可靠依据。

Background A large number of studies revealed that several patterns of preconditioning can induce endogenous tolerance mechanism. The protective effect of hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning （HHP） has been proved by lots of experiments. Objective This review is to elaborate the protective effect of HHP and its mechanism by summarizing studies and researches in recent years. Content HHP can exert antidepressant and anti-anxiety effect, modulate immune balance, alleviate ischemia/ reperfusion（I/R） and svere hypoxic injury, and induce endogenous tolerance mechanism. The protective mechanism involves hypoxic inducible factor-1 （HIF-1）, reactive oxygen species （ROS）, heat shock proteins （HSPs）, estrogen, apoptotie pathway and other signaling pathways, etc. Trend Researches in the future should be emphasized on further exploring of the mechanism of hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning, and establishing an appropriate HHP methods without any damage to tissues, and promoting the clinical application of HHP.