刘向、刘歆父子的五行灾异说和新德运观

A Study on the Theory of the Calamites and the Weird Based on the Five Agents and a New theory of the Recycle among the Five Powers of Liu Xiang and Liu Xin

刘向所传《洪范五行传》虽然与夏侯始昌所传之文字相同,但他可能按照五行相生之序对传文次序作了调整;刘歆更进一步,对传文作了多方面的改变:一者,他对《五行传》作了结构性的划分,并分别称名之;二者,他有意改作传文,有许多地方确实与乃父所传不同;三者,其《洪范五行传论》前有一个类似《序》的导言,用以说明《洪范》"九畴"及《五行传》所由作的理论原由,并对传统的《河图》、《洛书》提出了具体的解释。在解说上,刘向、刘歆的《洪范五行传论》差异很大,不过二人援《易》以作解释则是共同的。而刘向刘歆父子为何采用五行相生顺序的新德运观,原因有多个方面,从总体上来看,乃是西汉经学、哲学、史学和文化多重因素综合作用的一种结果;此种德运观虽然一方面承认了秦得水德的既往看法,但是另一方并不承认其在德运历史中的合法性。

Liu Xiang changed the textual order of the Commentary on the Five Agents of the Great Norms trans- mired by Xiahou Shichang in light of the cyclical theory that one gives birth to another among the five agents. In addition, his son, Liu Xin, made three big changes on the commentary as well. Firstly, he re-analyzed its structure and renamed its different parts; secondly, he intently changed some of the text, therefore, it is somewhat different from his father＇s received one; and thirdly, he added a preface to the text, including the explanations about Hem, Luoshu, and the making of the commentary. Despite a lots of differences, surely there are some common points in Li- u Xiang＇s and Liu Xin＇s relative works, for example, one is that both the father and the son employed the Book of Changes to interpret the commentary, the other is that they set up a new theory of five power circulation to explain the history, in order to justify Han Dynasty, yet to deny Qin Dynasty.