天津某家具城挥发性有机物健康风险评估

Health Risk Assessment of VOCs from a Furniture Mall in Tianjin

为了解家具城室内空气中挥发性有机物的污染状况,对其职工进行慢性暴露健康风险评估,于2011年夏(6月)和2012年秋(10月)对天津某家具城进行了空气采样,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析污染物浓度.分析得出,家具城室内污染物浓度约高出室外1.9倍,以芳香族化合物和卤代烷烃为主,萜烯也占一定比例,特征VOCs为二氯甲烷、甲苯和α-蒎烯;苯系物浓度明显低于《室内空气质量标准》的限值.苯和二氯甲烷的致癌风险分别为1.24×10-5、2.50×10-5,存在潜在的人群致癌风险;VOCs非致癌危害指数之和小于1,在可接受范围内.健康效应分析表明,工龄和心率及肺通气功能不存在偏相关关系.暴露组和对照组尿中苯巯基尿酸(S-PMA)和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)的生物监测及分析表明,在低暴露条件下,吸烟是影响S-PMA浓度的重要因素,但在较高暴露条件下,其影响减弱;S-PMA浓度和8-OHdG正相关,与性别、吸烟与否以及年龄有关,还可能与工龄有关.

In order to understand the indoor air pollution of volatile organic compounds in furniture mall and to perform health risk assessment of chronic exposure to its workers, in this study, the air samples in a furniture mall in Tianjin were sampled in summer （June） and autumn （October） in 2011 and 2012, and the compositions of VOCs were investigated by using the method of re- concentration-GC-MS. The results showed that the indoor concentration of total pollutants was about 1.9 times higher than that of outdoor; the characterized odorous substances were dichloromethane, toluene, and c^-pinene; aromatic compounds and halogenated alkane were detected in large amounts in furniture mall, and terpenes also occupied a certain proportion. The concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene were significantly lower than the indoor air quality standards. There was a potential cancer risk of benzene and diehloromethane, the Lifetime Cancer Risks （LCR） of which were 1.24 ×10^-5 and 2.50 ×10^-5, respectively. The non- carcinogenic hazard index （HI） of TVOC was below 1, which was within the acceptable range. The health effects analysis showed that there was no partial correlation between the working seniority and heart rate, and pulmonary ventilation function. The biological monitoring and analysis of S-PMA and 8-OHdG in urine for the exposed group and control group showed that in the low-exposure conditions, smoking was an important factor affecting the concentration of S-PMA, but under conditions of higher-exposure, its influence was weakened; there was a positive correlation between S-PMA and 8-OHdG, there was also a correlation between S-PMA and sex, smoking and age ; besides, there may be a correlation between S-PMA and the working seniority.