特殊浸润性表面在油水分离中的应用

Surfaces with special wettability:Applications in oil/water separation

表面浸润性是固体表面的重要性质之一.近年来,包括超疏水表面、超亲水表面和超亲油表面在内的特殊浸润性表面在日常生活和工业生产中具有的广阔的应用前景,引起了研究者的广泛关注,其中特殊浸润性表面在油水分离中的应用是研究热点之一.油水分离技术在化学化工领域有着重要影响,例如原油泄漏的回收和有机试剂的分离等.由于一般情况下油和水表面张力不同,可以选择对油和水亲和力不同的表面对其进行分离,通过使表面具备特殊浸润性,从而增强油水分离效率.本文从(1)超疏水超亲油表面,(2)水下超亲油表面和(3)可逆转变表面3部分总结了特殊浸润性表面用于油水分离的研究进展,并对本领域目前的研究难点和未来的研究方向进行总结和展望.

Wettability is one of the most important properties of solid surface. In recent years, surfaces with special wettability, including superhydrophobic surfaces, superhydrophilic surfaces and superoleophilic surfaces, have aroused great attention due to the wide applications in daily life and industrial field. The usage of surfaces with special wettability in oil/water separation is a hot topic in material science nowadays. The oil/water separation technique has great influence in chemical research and industrial field, such as the recycle of oil spill and separation of organic solvents. Generally there is a large gap between the surface tension of water and oil. A surface with different affinity to water and oil can attract one phase while repel the other. Enhancing the surface wettability leads to higher separation efficiency. Here we review the research progress of applications of surfaces with wettability in oil/water separation in three aspects： superhydrophobic and superoelophilic surfaces, underwater superoleophilic surfaces and reversible surfaces. The challenges and perspectives for future research in this field are addressed.