高原-平原交替训练与高原-亚高原交替训练对运动员肺功能的影响

Effects of Different Altitude Alternate Training on Athletes' Pulmonary Function

目的:探讨不同海拔交替训练对运动员肺功能的影响。方法:长期生活在平原的男子运动员19人,分为两组:高原-平原交替训练组和高原-亚高原交替训练组。采用德国产Cortex MetaMax 3B心肺功能遥测仪同步实时检测运动员在进行1500m测试过程中的各项气体交换参数。结论:(1)高原-平原交替训练组运动员在高原期间峰值摄氧量水平要低于在平原时,运动强度很难保持和在平原一致;运动员训练水平提高后更易受缺氧的影响,峰值摄氧量水平下降更快;运动员在平原进行相同负荷运动时,更易达到更高的运动强度;(2)高原-亚高原交替训练组在亚高原训练后可以更好的过渡到高原进行训练,减少高原训练的适应期,容易保持较高的运动强度;(3)同等负荷运动时,在高原期间运动员的每份通气量水平要低于在平原或亚高原,下到平原或亚高原后显著升高;(4)通过两阶段交替训练,运动员肺功能适应性增强。教练员应根据训练计划和比赛情况选择不同的交替训练模式。

Objective ： To explore the effects of different altitude alternate training on athletes＇ pulmonary function. Methods： Male athletes, living in plains, n = 19 （Altitude-plain alternate training group, APG; altitude-sub-altitude group, ASG）. Using the Cortex MetaMax 3B, thegas exchange parameters of athletes＇ were measured in the process of the 1500 - meter test. Conclusion： （ 1 ） The PVO2 decreased significantly during altitude training in APG, and exercise intensity was difficult to maintain consistent. The PVO2 declined faster after the improvement of athletes＇ training levels, which were more vulnerable to the effects of hypoxia. Athletes in the plains with the same training were more likely to achieve higher exercise intensity; （2）Sub-altitude training could serve as the transition period before altitude training. After sub-altitude training, the adaptation period of ASG was shorter, easy to maintain higher intensity; （ 3 ） Compared with the altitude period, the VE was higher in plain or sub-altitude when the exercise load was the same; （4）Through the two phases of alternating training, the adaptability of pulmonary function in athletes was enhanced. The findings suggest that coaches should select different alternate training models according to their training plans and competitions.