2008—2012年全国学生结核病疫情特征分析

Analysis of the characteristics of national TB epidemic situation in schools from 2008 to 2012

目的了解全国学校结核病疫情特征并进行分析。方法收集2008—2012年“全国传染病报告信息管理系统”和“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”中报告的有关学生结核病疫情资料进行了分析。全国学生总数（不包括我国香港、澳门、台湾地区）2008年为240320 175名，2009年为238547238名，2010年为237235870名，2011年为235770400名，2012年为235770400名。结果2012年全国共报告学生肺结核患者39198例，报告发病率为16.63/10万，与2008年（65815例，27.39/10万）比较，下降了39.28%。第二季度报告的患者比率最高［30.43%（12662/41608）～32.38%（21313/65815）］。2012年学生报告发病率居前五位的省（自治区、直辖市）分别是西藏（79.95/10万，415/519042）、青海（59.09/10万，607/1027309）、贵州（36.54/10万，2956/8089905）、重庆（33.06/10万，1778/5377413）、新疆（26.08/10万，1082/4147979）；2012年学生患者占全人群患者的4.12%（39198/951508），15～＜20岁年龄组所占比例最高（54.12%，21215/39198）。2009年1月至2013年6月全国共报告了21起学校聚集性疫情，全国东中西部省（直辖市）均有疫情报告，其中以高中为主，发生14起（66.67%），平均每起疫情报告患者25例。结论2008—2012年学生肺结核疫情呈逐年下降趋势，第二季度报告患者数最高，西部地区学生报告发病率较高，年龄分布主要集中在15～＜20岁年龄组。近几年报告的多起学校结核病聚集性疫情，暴露出学校结核病防治工作中还存在诸多薄弱环节，还需要进一步加强学校结核病防控工作。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of TB in students. Methods We collected the pulmonary TB（PTB） reporting data from the Infectious Diseases Reporting System（IDRS）, and TB outbreak investigating report from Emergency Public Health Events Reporting System, analyzed the distribution of reported PTB in students and the characteristics of TB outbreak. The total number of students in China's Mainland were 240320175 in 2008, 238547238 in 2009, 237235870 in 2010, 235770400 in 2011 and 235770400 in 2012 respectively. Results A total of 39198 cases of PTB cases in students were reported in 2012 with the reported incidence of 16.63/100000, decreasing by 39.28% in comparison with 2008（65815 cases,27.39/100000）. In terms of the reported cases by quarter, the highest was in the second quarter, accounting for 30.43%（12662/41608）-32.38%（21313/65815）of the whole year. The top five school TB incidence provinces were Tibet（79.95/100000,415/519042）,Qinghai（59.09/100000,607/1027309）,Guizhou（36.54/100000,2956/8089905） and Chongqing （33.06/100000,1778/5377413）,Xinjiang（26.08/100000,1082/4147979）. Students PTB in 2012 accounted for 4.12% （39198/951508）in the whole patients, highest in 15-20 years group（54.12%,21215/39198）. From January 2009 to June 2013, a total of 21 cases of TB outbreak nationwide were reported in schools, 14 cases （66.67%） happened in senior high school with an average of 25 patients in each case. Conclusion From 2008 to 2012, the TB epidemic in schools had a declining trend by year, the reported incidence peaked in the second quarter and relatively high in the western provinces. The majority of TB cases were around 15-20 years old. The TB epidemic in schools in recent years revealed that some problems existed in TB control in schools, and we need to further strengthen TB control in schools.