义马煤田煤矿水害规律与防治技术

Study on the Regulation of Water Hazards and Prevention Work in Yima Coalfield

为了掌握义马煤田水害规律以正确指导煤矿的防治水工作,分析研究了历次突水资料、地质构造、小煤矿分布、河流流经区域、主要含水层和隔水层、采煤厚度及采后导水裂隙发育情况等,指出:随着小煤矿的关闭、河道疏浚、浅部地裂缝充填和大矿采掘活动向深部转移,矿井主要水害由大气降水、地表河水和小窑水转化为顶板水;顶板水威胁主要在义马向斜的核部、采深大于700 m的区域,断层尖灭端和断层带富水性较强,顶板突水及其强度与采厚、周期来压关系密切。针对顶板水害,提出了采用"三图—双预测法"对顶板突水的水源、通道和强度做出预测和评价;采用井上下物探方法,圈出顶板疑似富水区,并进行采前预疏放;完善工作面排水系统,提高抗水灾能力等防治水技术。

In order to get the regulation of water hazards and to supply for the future water prevention work in Yima Coalfield, the historic data, geological structure, the distribution of small coal mines, the river region, the main aquifer and aquifuge , mining thickness and the fissures have been analyzed systematically. With small coal mines closure, treatment of fissures and channels, and the deeper mining activities, the main water hazards have changed from precipitation, surface water and kiln water into roof flood. The threat of the roof water mainly happened on the core of syncline with 700m deep and also happened on the edge of fault and the rich abundance region. Roof water inrush has close relationship with mining thickness and periodic mine pres-sure. For roof water hazard, ＂three maps - two predictions＂ was proposed and applied in evaluation and pre-diction of water inrush source, channel and intensity. With geophysical prospecting, the suspected water rich area has been obtained and then the drainage work could be done before mining. Besides, other water preven-tion work which can improve the drainage capacity of the working face also should be carried out.