模糊性:连锁悖论

Vagueness:Sorites Paradox

一、什么是模糊性？ 像“高”和“矮”、“大”和“小”、“胖”和“瘦”、“美”和“丑”、“聪明”和“愚笨”、“富有”和“贫穷”、“秃头”、“谷堆”、“孩子”这些谓词，以及一些颜色谓词如“红”、“黄”、“蓝”，都是典型的模糊谓词。一般认为，它们至少有如下特征：

Since 1960 ~ 70 s vagueness becomes a hot issue in the fields of logic,philosophy of language,epistemology,metaphysics,philosophy of law,and studies in literature and et al,in which quite many top Western philosophers are involved.This paper clarifies three characteristics of vague predicates,and lists main sorites paradoxes generated by vague predicates,such as Grain and Sound,the Heap,the Bald Man,the Few,Wang Paradox,The Ship of Theseus,Paradox of Color.It outlines the main approaches to vagueness,quite carefully discusses three representative theories of vagueness,i.e.many-valued logic and degrees of truth,supervaluationism,and epistemicism,and makes several comments about the advantages and disadvantages of these theories.