中国城乡收入差距影响因素研究——基于2002-2011年省级Panel Data的分析

The Factors that Affect the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas of China: Based on the Provincial Panel Data from 2003 to 2012

城乡收入差距是中国社会经济发展中存在的最突出矛盾之一。在文献回顾的基础上,通过理论解释和实证检验对中国城乡收入差距的影响因素进行研究。理论分析认为,国家层面城市偏向的发展政策、地方层面经济增长至上的单向思维、体制层面的"中心—边缘"二元格局,是城乡收入差距形成的内在机理;Panel Data实证模型估计结果进一步表明,城乡收入差距受到来自经济发展、政策偏向、金融发展、经济干预以及其他控制性因素的多维影响,其中,城镇化建设、经济开放度、人力资本培育度、农业经济发展程度以及第三产业的发展有助于总体上缩小城乡收入差距,而科教文卫和公共服务的城市偏向、金融发展规模以及非国有化则都扩大了城乡收入差距。为此,城乡差距问题的消解,应立足于"乡村本位"的价值思考,通过加强农村职业教育、推动城镇化建设、建立城乡"包容性政策体系"等举措,真正达成城市与乡村社会的衔接。

The income gap between urban and rural areas is one of the most prominent contradictions in the social and economic development of China. Based on the literature review,researching the factors that affect the income gap between urban and rural areas is mainly through theoretical explanations and empirical analysis. Theoretical analysis indicates that the reasons for the income gap between urban and rural areas include urban bias policy,excessive pursuit of economic development and dual structure 'center- periphery'. The results of Panel Data empirical model estimation show that the income gap between urban and rural areas is affected by economic development,policy bias,financial development,economic intervention and other controlling factors. Some factors that can reduce the urban-rural income gap in general include urbanization,economic openness,human capital,agricultural economic development and the development of tertiary industry. However,other factors that can expand the income gap between urban and rural areas are spending on science and education,public service spending,financial development scale and the development of tertiary industry. Therefore,the elimination of income gap should strengthen the development of rural vocational education,pro-mote the urbanization and construct inclusive development policies and effectively achieve the integration of urban and rural development.