纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展

Research Progress of Nanocomposite Membrane in the Membrane Separation

基于纳米材料的独特性质,将其引入高分子膜所制得的纳米复合滤膜有望解决目前制约膜技术发展的"上限平衡"问题。本文综述了碳纳米管、石墨烯、SiO2、TiO2、分子筛、ZrO2以及纳米银颗粒等纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展。这些纳米材料对于提高复合膜的机械稳定性、亲水性、选择性、渗透性及抗污染能力等有显著的效果。此外,对纳米复合膜的发展与应用做了展望,也对其研究中存在的问题和解决方法进行了阐述。

Considering their peculiar properties, nanometer materials can be embedded into polymeric membrane to obtain nanocomposite membranes that could help to solve the “trade-off effect”, which has restricted the development of membrane technology. In recent years, a variety of nanometer materials have been applied in the preparation of nanocomposite membranes. This review summarizes the researches of nanocomposite membranes involving nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, SiO2, TiO2, molecular sieve, ZrO2 and silver nanoparticles in the field of membrane separation. The nanometer materials can significantly improve the mechanical stability, hydrophilicity, selectivity, permeability and anti-pollution capacity of composite membranes. The perspectives of the development and application of nanocomposite membranes were proposed and the existing problems and solutions in this field were also presented.