民族地区乡村微型旅游企业发展变迁研究--基于广西乡村微型旅游企业的实证分析

A STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE OF SMALL TOURIST ENTERPRISES IN MINORITY AREAS ——Based on empirical analysis of small tourist enterprises in rural Guangxi

乡村微型旅游企业将旅游开发与社区建设联系起来,已成为民族地区具有重要意义的重大商业发展动态。通过对2006年和2012年广西乡村微型旅游企业业主构成、企业经营管理、企业经营效应的调查,研究发现:广西乡村微型旅游企业总体上处于发展初级阶段,局部地区形成了初级的乡村微型旅游企业集群;与2006年相比,2012年广西乡村微型旅游企业业主在性别、婚姻、年龄等方面有较大变化,外来投资者增多,业主的英语能力、交际能力、风险投资意识增强,而创业对业主阅历、资金资本要求具有一致性;乡村微型旅游企业创办由自由化向正规化转变,经营形式由单一家族式向家族、合伙、租赁等多种经营形式转变,管理向现代化、网络化转变,提供社会就业岗位功能增强;不同景区,乡村微型旅游企业经营效应虽具有一定差异,总体上经营效应显著。针对乡村微型旅游企业发展中的新动向,提出通过转变景区经营方式、推动乡村旅游目的地产业融合等促进乡村微型旅游企业可持续发展。

Small tourist enterprises in rural areas link tourist development and the local community. It has become an important dynamics in business development in minority areas. Based on the investigations on composition of owners of enterprises, management and effects of business of small tourist enterprises in rural Guangxi in 2006 and 2012, the authors of this paper conclude that small tourist enterprise in rural Guangxi is in the initial stage of development in general, and primary industrial clusters are formed in some rural tourist destinations. Comparing to that in 2006, there were considerable changes in terms of the owner＇s gender, ma- rital status, age etc. in 2012. The number of foreign investors increased. The owners＇ English ability, com-munications skills, awareness of risk investment improved and strengthened. Entrepreneurial owners＇ experi- ence, fund capital requirements are consistent in 2006 and 2012. There was a consistence in terms of the own- ers＇ experience and capital required in the establishment of enterprises. The establishment of small rural tour- ist enterprises shifted from liberalization to regnlarization. The mode of management also shifted to diversified management of family, partnership and leasing from the previous single family management. With the change to modern management and network, more job opportunities were provided. Although the effects of manage- ment of the small rural tourist enterprises in different scenic spots varied to a certain degree, these effects were significant in general. According to the new ses, this paper puts forward advices on changing tendency in development of the small rural tourist enterpri- the mode of operation and industrial integration in tourist spots in order to promote the sustainable development of small rural tourist enterprises.