试论近代上海民间慈善事业的网络化发展

On the Development of Nongovernmental Charity Network in Modern Shanghai

在近代上海慈善事业发展过程中,各善会善堂不断整合,形成了一些大型慈善组织。这些大型慈善组织通过联合与合作,从组织结构、慈善活动和资金扶持等方面织成了一张巨大的社会网络。慈善网络在慈善事业发展过程中发挥着桥梁作用,从而使得即使在政局变动不居、华洋杂处的上海,民间社会仍然发挥出了巨大的自我组织和自我管理能力。这表明在近代中国社会变迁过程中城市社会正在逐渐形成和发展出适应社会变迁需要的自我组织和自我管理系统,而并非全是"一盘散沙"式的无序与混乱格局。

By analyzing the history of nongovernmental charity in Shanghai before 1949,this paper discovers that various charity groups integrated and formed some large-scale charity organizations in modern times. They knitted a huge social net in terms of organization structure,charity activities and fund support. The charity network played a role of bridging in charity,which helped the civil society have great capacities to organize and manage itself even in the time when Shanghai was suffered from unstable political situation with complicated mix of foreigners and Chinese people. This demonstrates that during the process of social transformation in modern China,the civil society,instead of in a status of disunity,disorder and chaos,gradually formed and developed a self-organizing and self-managing system.