作为声誉罚的行政违法事实公布

Administrative Illegal Fact Announcement Being Reputation Penalty

无论立足形式还是实质判断标准去观察,实践中大量存在的行政违法事实公布行为都属于一类新型的声誉罚。作为声誉罚的行政违法事实公布之所以倍受青睐,既源于行政执法机关在公益保障与私益侵害之间的权衡,也是传统法律文化中的耻感文化在行政执法活动中的延伸,更与信息规制工具在现代社会治理中的广泛运用息息相关。形式合法性的欠缺、适用范围的模糊以及程序的不规范是目前行政违法事实公布实践存在的主要问题。为了有效防止行政违法事实的不当公布对行政相对人的合法权益造成侵害,应当从法律依据、适用范围及程序设置等三个方面实现对这种新型声誉罚的法律控制。

No matter viewing from the standard of form or fact, there are plenty of administrative illegal fact announcements being as a new type of administrative punishment in practice, i.e. the reputation penalty. Such wide use of it is because of not only balance between public interest guarantee and private interest infringement by the administrative enforcement organ, but also extension of the shame feeling in traditional legal culture using in administrative enforcement activities, as well as the wide use of information regulatory tools in modern social governance. Nevertheless, there are some major problems in current administrative illegal fact announcement practice, i.e. lack of legitimacy in the form, unclearness of the application scope and irregularity of the procedure. Therefore, in order to effectively avoid improper administrative illegal fact announcement hurting the third party’s legal right, three aspects should be taken into consideration in legally regulating such reputation penalty, i.e. the legal basis, the application scope and the procedure settings.