权力之源:中古士族研究的理论分野

The Origin of Power:The Different Theories on the Aristocratic Families in Medieval China

20世纪初叶以来,国内外学界的中古士族研究,经历了从日本两大学派的论战、到欧美哥大学派与港台新亚学派双峰并峙、最后由大陆学界独领风骚的典范转移。中外学者的理论基础分别是立足于中国中古社会的连续性和独立性,使用历史学、社会学,人类学等方法,围绕中古士族权力的生成和来源等课题,展开激烈的讨论,形成若干富有启示的成果和贡献。中古士族权力的来源究竟是高贵的血统、家传的学术,还是依附于皇权主导的官僚机构,决定中古政治社会的基本性格是士族政治还是皇权政治。不同理论分野下的学术交锋同中有异,异中有同,共同构成中古士族研究的学术版图。地域集团、政治群体、士族系谱、阶层流动等介于微观和宏观维度之间的选题仍然是士族政治研究可以继续拓展、更新换代乃至深化考察的领域。

As the 20th century had progressed, the study of the aristocratic families at home and abroad underwent a paradigm shift from the debate between Kyoto school and Tokyo school, the development of the Columbia school and New Asia school, then to the flourish of the internal academic circle. Many Chinese and foreign scholars respectively maintained whether the society of medieval China was bureaucratic or aristocratic. Using the appropriate methods, they studied the aristocratic families around the origin of power. Whether the power rooted in the noble lineage or the bureaucracy determined the character of Chinese society. The different schools constituted the academic dominion. The scholars will discuss the following issues centering around these themes： geographical group, political group, genealogies of aristocratic families, social mobility, etc.