CRISPR-Cas基因组改造技术研究进展

Research progress on the genome modification technologies of CRISPR-Cas

CRISPRs-Cas系统是一种细菌获得性免疫系统,为一段规律成簇间隔短回文重复,保护细菌和古生菌免遭病毒、质粒等的入侵。这种免疫系统是由一种小RNA和多结构域蛋白质/蛋白复合物构成,其作用机理可能与真核生物的RNA干扰过程类似。这个系统已发展为一种高效、特异、操作简单易行的基因修饰工具,与TALEN、ZFN相比,CRISPR-Cas系统的出现使得基因编辑变得更加有效和简易,具有更大的潜力。CRISPR/Cas系统已成功应用到细胞、干细胞、小鼠、斑马鱼及植物等多种生物,显示了其强大的基因编辑优点。综述了CRISPR-Cas系统的技术原理及其在生物学研究中的应用最新研究进展,并探讨了该技术的发展前景。

CRISPRs-Cas is the elucidation of the prokaryotic adaptive immune system and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, which protects bacteria and archaea against viruses or conjugative plasmids. The immunity system consists of bacteria RNA molecules and versatile multi-domain proteins or protein complexes, which may be similar to the mechanism of RNA interference. CRISPR -Cas interference machines are utilized to develop into a genome editing tools with efficiency, specialization and simplicity. Distinct from TALEN and ZFN, the CRISPR-Cas system has recently emerged as a potentially facile and efficient alternative tool. Currently, researches have already modified the genome of cell, IPS, mouse, zebra, fish and plant with this system that show powerful ability to edit gene. The technical principles of CRISPR -Cas system and the latest progress on the application in biological study of CRISPR/Cas system was reviewed, and the development future of the system was discussed.