子宫内膜息肉研究新进展

Advances in Endometrial Polyps

子宫内膜息肉是常见的妇科疾病之一,可引起月经周期延长、绝经后阴道出血、不孕等临床症状,治疗后易复发、可恶变,其病因及发病机制尚不明确。近年研究发现,子宫内膜息肉发生与遗传因素、甾体激素受体局部失衡、增殖与凋亡失调、慢性炎症刺激、某些药物影响、细胞因子等有关。年龄大、绝经、子宫不规则出血、应用他莫昔芬、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病可能参与了子宫内膜息肉恶变。经阴道超声、宫腔声学造影、宫腔镜检查、宫腔碘油造影术等在子宫内膜息肉诊疗过程中发挥重要作用。从子宫内膜息肉的流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、诊断及治疗、预防、恶变相关因素等方面进行综述,以更全面更确切地揭示子宫内膜息肉发生的机制及特点,更好地指导进一步临床研究及治疗。

Endometrial polyps is one of the most common gynecological diseases,which can induce menstrual period extended,postmenopausal bleeding,infertility and other clinical symptoms. After treatment,endometrial polyps also are easy to relapse,have certain malignant transformation rate,whose etiology and pathogenesis is not clear. In recent research,this disease is correlated with genetic factors,local imbalanced steroid hormone receptor,proliferation and apoptosis,chronic inflammatory stimulation,certain drugs and cell factor. Age,postmenopausal,anomalistic uterine bleeding,use of tamoxifen,obesity,hypertension,diabetes mellitus may involved in its progression. Through translational ultrasonography,sonohysterography,hysteroscopy,uterine iodine oil imaging play an important role in its treatment process. Now from the epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical symptoms,diagnosis and treatment,recurrence,malignant related factors,prevention of endometrial polyps,we do a review,for we can more inclusively and more correctly promulgate the mechanism and characteristics of endometrial polyps,and then we can better guide further clinical research and therapy.