中小学生课业负担过重的定量分析

A Quantitative Analysis of the Heavy Course Load of Chinese Primary and Secondary School Students

在对全国20个省(市)180所不同类型义务教育阶段中小学进行抽样调查,特别是对西部四省(市)16所中小学进行追踪调查的基础上,我们利用统计分析的方法定量探究义务教育阶段中小学生课业负担过重程度,分析原因与危害。调研结果显示:54.6%的小学生和73.1%的初中生作业时间超时,46.4%的小学生和38.1%的初中生参加学习辅导班,77.6%的小学生和87.1%的初中生一学期至少新增一本教辅。导致上述结果的主要原因:一是学校对考试成绩重视程度的提高会显著增加学生的作业时间和教辅数量,二是家长对考试成绩重视程度的提高会显著增加学生的作业时间、教辅数量以及辅导班数。义务教育阶段中小学生作业时间的增加显著减少了学生的睡眠时间、体育活动时间以及学习兴趣,增加了学生近视的发病率。

Based on the sampling survey of 180 different types of compulsory primary and secondary schools from 20 provinces （cities） in China, especially a further investigation of 16 primary and secondary schools in 4 western provinces （cities） , a study on the degrees, causes and hazards of students＂ heavy course load at compulsory education stage has been conducted. It is found that, 54.6 percent of primary school students and 73.1 percent of junior school students do their homework overtime. 46.4 percent of primary school students and 38.1 percent of junior school students participate in study tutorial classes. 77.6 percent of primary school students and 87.1 percent of junior school students add at least one guide book each semester. The main reasons of students＂ heavy learning burden are as follows. First, the enhancement of schools＂ emphasis on test scores can lead to the increase of students ＇ homework time and the number of guide books. Second, the enhancement of parents＂ emphasis on test scores can significantly increase students＂ homework time, the number of guide books and tutorial classes. Increasing homework time significantly reduce students＂ sleeping time, physical activity time, and learning interests; and at the same time, the heavy leaning burden can cause the incidence of myopia as well.