单音节反义词对及由其构成的复合词的语义分析

The Semantic Analysis of Monosyllabic Antonyms and Compound Words Formed by Them

义素分析法证明了现代汉语中的单音节层级反义词必须词性上一致且属于同一意义范畴。由于语言发展的绝对性,再加上人类对同一事物认知角度的不同,这类反义词对在运用过程中表现出语义的不对称性,无标记项不仅具有自身的意义,而且还包含与其自身相反的意义。由这类反义词对构成的复合词在构词形式上也体现了汉民族的审美意识及哲学观点。它们的词义一般都在基本义的基础上产生了引申义或比喻义,在特定的语境中,这类词的词义往往偏指一方,构成偏义复词。

Sememe analysis proved that the monosyllabic antonyms in modern Chinese should belong to the same part-of-speech and the same scope of meaning. Because of the absoluteness of language development and different angles of people＇s cognition, these antonyms display semantic asymmetry in the course of application. Unmarked term has its own meaning, but also includes the opposite meaning. To some extent, these compound words made up by such antonyms also reflect Chinese aesthetic consciousness and philos ophy in the morphological form.The meaning of these words generally produce extended meaning or figurat ive meaning based on the basic meaning, and the meaning of the word often refers to one side, constituting leaning opposite compounds.