0～6个月婴儿母乳喂养情况调查

Survey on breastfeeding among infants of 0～6 months

目的调查分析0-6月龄婴儿的母乳喂养现状及其影响因素,为提高婴儿健康状况提供理论依据。方法收集2011年1月—2012年7月住院的婴儿400例,月龄0-6个月。参考国内外有关研究报道,自行设计适合本地情况的调查问卷,由医院护士对400例婴儿的母亲进行回顾式调查。结果 400名婴儿中,0、1、2、3、4、5、6月龄母乳喂养率分别是96.0%、79.0%、68.5%、62.5%、52.5%、2.5%、0.5%,呈明显下降趋势（χ2=1 186.459,P〈0.05）,其中4-5月龄时,呈直线下降趋势。而混合喂养和人工喂养则随着婴儿月龄的增加呈上升趋势。母乳量不足、添加辅食、乳头异常、母亲患病、家人支持断奶的婴儿被终止母乳喂养的比例远高于母乳量充足、未添加辅食、乳头健康、母亲健康和家人反对断奶的婴儿。营养合理、无体质疲劳感婴儿母亲奶量充足,分别占98.4%、96.0%,明显高于营养不当、疲劳体质者（26.8%、35.1%）,差异均有统计学意义（χ2=238.82、176.76,P〈0.05）。结论 1-6月龄婴儿母乳喂养率较低,加强1-6月龄婴儿的母乳喂养的健康教育和技术指导工作,提高产妇自我健康维护意识,帮助产妇及其家庭建立母乳喂养的信心和观念,有利于提高0~6月龄婴儿母乳喂养率。

Abstract： Objective To investigate and analyze breast -feeding in infants of 0 -6 months, and its influential factors, so as to provide advice on health education for improvement of infant health. Methods In this study, 400 infants treated in our hospital from January 2011 to July 2012 were collected. Based on the relevant domestic and international reports, a self - designed questionnaire was developed and used for a retrospective survey conducted by our nurses on mothers of 400 in fants. Results Of 400 infants, breasffeeding rates of infants of 0,1,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 - month were 96.0%, 79.0%, 68.5%, 62.5% ,52.5% , 2.5% and 0.5% ,showing a declining trend （Xz = 1 186. 459, P 〈0.05）, and in infants of 4 -5 months, the rate declined linearly. Mixed feeding and artificial feeding showed an increasing trend along with the age of in fants. The proportion of weaned infants due to insufficient milk supply, complementary feeding, nipple abnormalities, ma ternal illness, family support was much higher than that of unweaned infants with adequate amount of breast milk, non- complementary feeding, nipple health, maternal health, and opposition from family. For infants with balanced nutrition, no physical fatigue, adequate breast milk supply, the difference was statistically significant （X2 = 238. 82, 176. 76, P 〈 0.05 ） . Conclusions Breasffeeding rate is lower in infants of 1 - 6 month. Therefore, we should strengthen health education and breasffeeding technical guidance, improve awareness of self - health maintenance among mothers, help them build breastfeeding confidence, which is conducive to the improvement of breasffeeding rate in infants of 1 - 6 month.