贝壳粉体表面改性及其在聚丙烯中的应用

Surface modification of shell waste and its application in polypropylene composites

以废弃蛤蜊壳为原料,采用糠醛对其表面改性后,制备贝壳粉体/聚丙烯复合材料,研究该复合材料的力学性能和结晶性能。结果表明,用糠醛改性后的贝壳粉体粒度减小,与PP(polypropylene,聚丙烯)的相容性明显改善。改性的贝壳粉体对PP具有明显的增韧效果,随改性粉体填充量(质量分数)增加,复合材料的抗拉强度减小,断裂伸长率增大。填充量为7%时,断裂伸长率比纯PP的提高140%。与未改性粉体相比,用改性粉体制备的复合材料,其结晶度及抗拉强度随粉体填充量增加而下降的幅度减小。偏光显微镜观察显示改性粉体具有PP异相成核作用,PP特有的黑十字消光图案随改性粉体填充量增大而变得越来越不明显,α球晶数量减少。

The waste clam shell was modified by furfural and then introduced as a filler to reinforce polypropylene （PP）. The mechanical and crystallization properties of PP composites were investigated as well. The results show that the particle size of modified clam shell powder decreases compared with that of raw clam shell powder and it can significantly improve the interfacial compatibility between filler and PP matrix. The tensile strength of PP composites decreases and elongation increases with increasing the filling content. When the filling content is 7%, the elongation of PP composites is 140%higher than pure PP material. Compared with unmodified clam shell powder, the crystallinity and tensile strength of PP/modified powder composites decreases slowly with increasing filling content. Polarizing microscope observation shows that the typical cross pattern of light extinction for PP becomes more and more unobvious with increasing filling content, and the number ofα-spherulites decreases. Therefore, the modified powder can promote the heterogeneous nucleation of PP.