“正式-非正式”语体特征及其制约功能——以汉语不同语体中转述句的使用情况为例

Formal Informal'Style Feature and Constraint Function ——Taking the Usage of Reporting Speech in Different Chinese Styles as an Example

基于语体语法思想重点考察"正式-非正式"语体特征对转述用法的制约和影响。就转述小句的数量而言,在[+正式]特征语体中多于[+非正式]特征语体:就转述动词来说,[+正式]特征语体倾向使用研究类动词,[+非正式]特征语体倾向使用言说类动词;从消息来源来看,多数语体中有确切消息来源的转述多于非明确信息来源的转述,只有文艺体相反;各种语体在引导语的位置分布方面也有差异。

This paper studies the usage of reporting speech in six kinds of style on the basis of ＂style grammar＂, focusing on restricts and influences on ＂informal and formal＂ style to reporting speech. In terms of the number of reporting clauses, its number in formal style is larger than that in informal style： in terms of the reporting verbs, its number in formal style is more than that in informal style. The former tends to use researchful verbs while the latter tends to use speech verbs. From the perspective of information sources, the number of report with exact sources is more than the number of report with inexact sources, except art style, which is quite on the con-trary. All the styles differ in terms of the distribution of guide words. The reason of discrepancies between the usage of reporting sentences can be explained from the view of language style.