我国境外输入性血吸虫病的疫情现状与防控思考

Epidemic situation of oversea imported schistosomiasis in China and thinking about its prevention and control

本文收集了1979-2013年有关中文文献报道和全国传染病疫情监测信息系统报告的我国境外输入性血吸虫病病例。结果显示,期间我国共报告境外输入性血吸虫病365例,病例为外籍者42例(11.51%),中国籍者323例(88.49%)。其中73.99%(239/323)诊断为埃及血吸虫病,21.98%(71/323)为曼氏血吸虫病。感染地涉及非洲15个国家和地区,74.92%患者有在当地从事工程建设、地质勘探等野外工作史。分析发现,目前我国针对境外输入性血吸虫病尚缺乏完善的防治管理体系,主要存在诊断标准不规范、误诊率高、漏报率高等问题。建议各级疾控机构和相关部门采取以下措施,加强对输入性血吸虫病的防控管理,以减少疾病对健康的损害,同时降低非洲血吸虫病在国内的传播风险:①建立和完善我国境外输入性血吸虫病的监测管理制度。②整合赴境外劳务输出等人员动态信息系统平台,建立和完善境外输入性传染病的综合防控管理体系。③规范境外输入性血吸虫病的诊治。④加强输入性血吸虫病在我国传播风险的监测研究。

The imported schistosomiasis cases in the Chinese literature and reports from the infectious disease monitoring in-formation system from 1979 to 2013 were collected and compiled. Totally 365 cases were reported to be infected with outside schis-tosomiasis, including 239 cases of schistosomiasis haematobia （74.0%） and 71 cases of schistosomiasis mansoni （22.0%）, and 42 foreigners （11.5%） and 323 Chinese （88.5%）. The infection areas involved 15 countries and regions in Africa. Totally 74.92%of pa-tients worked in the construction or geological prospecting in the wild field. According to the analysis of these cases, we found that the management system of prevention and control of imported schistosomiasis cases was not perfect including the high missing re-port rate, high misdiagnosis rate, and no standard diagnostic criteria. We suggest that all the levels of CDC or health administrative authorities should adopt the following relevant control measures to strengthen the imported schistosomiasis prevention and control in order to reduce the damage to the public health and the risk of the spread of African schistosomiasis in China：1. to establish and perfect the imported schistosomiasis monitoring and control system in China;2. to integrate the dynamic information platform of la-bor export and establish the comprehensive prevention and control management system of infectious diseases;3. to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of oversea imported schistosomiasis; 4. to strengthen the research on the transmission risk of imported schistosomiasis in the territory of China.