论清代艺术批评中的“典范重建”思想

On the "Reconstruction of Classics" in the Artistic Criticism of Qing Dynasty

清代艺术批评中的"典范重建"思想,即是在艺术"典范"式微的历史语境下,一些艺术批评人士期望通过种种挽救性的努力,重新建构起"典范"曾经有过的值得人们永久膜拜和永久遵循的权威特质。如王夫之提出了"礼宜乐和"的艺术理想,重新确立"礼乐"在审美理想人格构建中的典范意义;姜宸英提出"以摹为学",来重振魏晋书法的"典范";王原祁企图重建黄公望绘画"平淡天真"典范风格的权威地位。"重建典范"的艺术批评思想,从更深层次来阐释,其实体现了清人以下几种精神追求:一、圣人权威性的追求;二、秩序持续性的追求;三、信仰规范性的追求;四、远古理想性的追求。

The “reconstruction of classics” in the artistic criticism of Qing Dynasty refers to the efforts and expectations some artistic critics put to rebuild the authority of “classics” that once were worshipped and abode by people permanently with the decline of artistic “classics” in that historical context. For instance, scholar WANG Fu - zhi proposed the “ appropriate rites and harmonious music” to reassure the classic significance of “rites and music” in the cultivation of i- deal personality; scholar JIANG Chen -ying advised to “learn with imitation” to revive the “classic” calligraphy in Wei and Jin dynasties ; And scholar WANG Yuan - qi attempted to rebuild the classic style of HUANG Gong - wang＇s “sim- plicity and innocence” in painting. The artistic criticism of “reconstruction of classics” can be interpreted deeply that actually demonstrated the spiritual pursuits of scholars in Qing Dynasty, such as, their yearning for the authority of ancient sages, for the consistent order, for the specification in faith and for the ancient ideal.