我国工会维权乏力的原因分析以及解决思路探索

The Reason Analysis of Trade Union's Weakness of Maintaining Legal Rights and the Exploration of Solution Ideas

维护职工合法权益是中国工会的基本职责,然而现实是工会的维权相当乏力。导致工会维权乏力的主要原因,一是从维权的主体-工会自身来看,我国工会缺乏维权经历和维权的独立性基础,工会干部自身素质也不适应维权要求。二是从工会维权的对象-职工角度来看,职工维权意识不强,维权意念分化,对工会缺乏信任和信心。三是从工会维权的工具-法律角度来看,职工维权的成本太高,工会权利和职责不对衬,企业工会独立法人地位难以保障。四是从工会维权的环境-体制机制角度来看,工会维权与社会大局存在冲突,工会宏观维权的渠道不畅,行业工会组织相对薄弱、地方工会和企业工会各行其责的维权模式也存在一定障碍。当前解决工会维权乏力的基本思路就是要强化工会的维权职能,提升工会的维权能力和水平。具体举措有:一是提升工会维权的社会认可度;二是解决工会干部维权的后顾之忧;三是推行"上代下"的工会维权模式;四是构建工会维权的社会联动格局;五是创造硬条件在身份上增强工会的独立性。六是在法律上要努力争取工会维权的刚性武器。

safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers is a fundamental responsibility of the Chinese trade unions, but the reality is that trade unions’safeguarding rights is quite weak. The main reasons leading to the weakness are as following：firstly, from the perspective of trade union itself, the main bodies of safeguarding rights, Chinese trade unions lack the experience and the independence foundation, and the quality of union cadres can not meet their requirements;secondly, from the perspective of workers, the objects of safeguarding rights, their awareness of safe-guarding rights is not strong, their ideas is differentiation, and their trust and confidence in the trade unions is not enough;thirdly, from the perspective of law, a tool of safeguarding rights, the cost of safeguarding rights is too high, trade unions’rights and responsibilities are not of symmetry, and to guarantee enterprise unions’independent legal position is difficult; fourthly, from the perspective of institutional mechanisms, the environment of safeguarding rights, there are conflict between the trade unions’safeguarding rights and social overall situation, the channels of macro safeguarding rights are not smooth, the organizations of trade unions are relatively weak, and there are some obstacles in the models that local unions and trade unions play their own roles. Currently the basic idea to resolve the weakness of trade unions’safeguarding rights is to strengthen the functions of trade unions, and enhance the ability and level of trade unions’safeguarding rights. Specific initiatives are：Firstly, enhancing social acceptance of trade unions’safeguarding rights;secondly, solving the worries of trade union cadres about safeguarding rights;Thirdly, implementing the model of“the superior replace the subordinate”;fourthly, building social interaction pattern for trade unions to safeguard rights;fifthly, creating the conditions to strengthen the independence of the trade unions on the identity;Sixthly, striving in law for the rigid arms for trade union to safeguard rights.