不同施氮量对蓖麻产量和生物及营养性状的影响

Effects of nitrogen levels on yield and biological and nutritional characters of castor

为确定绿洲灌溉区蓖麻栽培的最佳施氮量,采用田间试验方法,对不同施氮量下蓖麻产量和生物、营养性状的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:(1)通过数据拟合得出:蓖麻种植的最佳施氮量为195kg·hm-2,预计最高产量为8×103 kg·hm-2;(2)蓖麻株高、茎粗和穗数等生物性状总体上随施氮量提高逐渐增大,而主穗长、主穗种仁数、百粒重及产量均随施氮量增加呈现出抛物线变化趋势,其中产量峰值出现在施氮量200kg·hm-2时,其余指标均在施氮量150kg·hm-2时达到最高值;(3)在花果期,增加氮肥施用量能够促进蓖麻对氮素和钾素的积累,磷素积累量随施氮量增加呈抛物线上升的趋势,峰值出现在施氮量150kg·hm-2时;(4)施氮量与叶片氮素、磷素含量表现出明显的相关性。蓖麻在灌浆期对钾素的需求很高,叶片钾素大量转移到穗部。

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen （N ） application on yield ,biological and nutritional properties of castor in irrigated oasis area ,with six N levels ,including 0 kg·hm^-2（N0） ,50kg·hm^-2（N50） ,100kg·hm^-2 （N100） ,150 kg·hm^-2 （N150） ,200kg·hm^-2 （N200） and 250kg·hm^-2 （N250） .The results showed that ,（1） the best N application was 195kg·hm^-2 ,and it could produce the highest castor yield （8×10^3kg·hm^-2 ） .（2） N application could promote biological character of castor e .g .plant height ,stem diameter ,number of ears .Main ear length ,number of seeds ,hundred-grain weight and yield of castor showed increase under appropriate N application （150 kg＆#183;hm-2 or 200 kg＆#183;hm-2） .（3） At flowering stage ,the accumulation of N and potassium（K） of castor plant increased with N application ,with the rate of 150 kg＆#183;hm-2 having the largest effect on phosphorus （P） .（4） There existed a positive relation between the rate of N application and the contents of leaf N and P .In addition ,at filling stage , K in leaf was transferred to panicle ,it suggested castor need abundant K at this stage .