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人工骨材料修复骨缺损:多种复合后的生物学与力学特征 被引量:18

Artificial bone materials for bone defect repair: biomechanical characteristics of multiple composites
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摘要 背景:当前应用广泛的骨缺损修复方式主要有自体骨移植、异体骨移植和人工骨移植,人工骨移植可避免患者自身取材的痛苦和并发症及同种异体骨免疫排斥的危险。目的:综述近几年来国内外常用的几种人工骨材料的研究进展情况。方法:应用计算机检索2007至2013年中国期刊全文数据库、PubMed数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、FMJS数据库中有关人工骨材料的研究。中文检索词为"人工骨,材料,骨缺损,骨移植",英文检索词为"artificial bone,material,bone defect,bone graft"。结果与结论:目前常用的人工骨材料有天然高分子材料、人工合成高分子、无机材料、纳米材料。理想的骨移植替代物应该具备以下条件:良好的生物相容性;局部形成微酸性生物环境;利于血管和成骨细胞长入;可完全生物降解;兼具骨生成性、骨传导性和骨诱导性。生物蛋白胶降解及组织相容性较好,且可塑形,但强度较差,以后研究方向主要为加强其强度。人工合成及无机材料强度及支架作用较好,但组织相容性较差,提高其组织相容性很重要。纳米材料为较合适的人工骨材料。目前应用于骨组织工程研究的人工骨材料均有各自的长处和不足,尚不能同时满足理想的骨组织工程细胞外基质材料各方面的要求,而且在生物学和力学特性上与天然骨有差异,故将多种类型材料复合并进行结构和功能修饰,是研制理想骨缺损修复材料的方向。 BACKGROUND:The current widely used methods of bone defect repair mainly include bone autograft, alograft and artificial bone transplantation. Artificial bone graft can avoid the pain resulting from taking patients’ own materials, complications and risk of alograft immune rejection. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in some commonly used artificial bone materials worldwide in recent years. METHODS:A computer-based search was performed in China Journal Ful-Text Database, PubMed database, China Biology Medicine Database and FMJS database to retrieve the papers concerning artificial bone materials published from 2007 to 2013. The keywords were “artificial bone, material, bone defect, bone graft” in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The current commonly used artificial bone materials are natural polymer materials, synthetic polymer, inorganic material and nanometer material. The ideal bone graft substitutes should have the folowing conditions: good biocompatibility; local formation of acidic biological environment, good for the ingrowth of blood vessels and osteoblasts; complete biodegradation; osteogenesis, bone conduction and bone induction. Biological fibrin glue has good degradation and histocompatibility that can be shaped, but its strength is poor. The future research direction mainly focuses to reinforce its strength. Synthetic and inorganic materials have good strength and support role, but the histocompatibility is poor, for which, it is very important to improve the histocompatibility. Nanometer material is a suitable artificial bone material. Currently used artificial bone materials in bone tissue engineering research al have their respective advantages and disadvantages. They cannot satisfy the requirements of ideal bone tissue engineering extracelular matrix materials at the same time, and they have differences in the biological peculiarity and mechanical peculiarity with natural bone. Therefore, compositing the various types of materials with structure and function modification is the direction of developing ideal bone defect repair materials.
出处 《中国组织工程研究》 CAS CSCD 2014年第16期2582-2587,共6页 Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
基金 云南省应用基础研究(昆医联合专项)(2013FB144)~~
关键词 生物材料 骨生物材料 人工骨 无机材料 纳米材料 骨缺损 综述 biocompatible materials stents nanoparticles review
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