金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的影响——基于空间计量模型的实证研究

The Impact of Financial Development on Urban-rural Income Gap:Based on the Empirical Research with Spatial Econometric Model

金融作为现代经济资源配置的核心,金融发展能否减少收入不平等一直是政策制定者和研究者关注的问题。通过构建空间计量模型,采用2010年我国31个省(市、自治区)的截面数据,分析金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的影响,得出以下结论:(1)我国不同省域城乡居民收入差距具有显著的空间正相关性,西部地区的大部分省域表现出高—高集聚特征,中部和东部地区的大部分省域表现出低—低集聚特征;(2)金融发展规模的扩大和效率的提高拉大了城乡居民收入差距,且金融发展规模和效率与城乡居民收入差距之间存在倒"U"型关系,即金融发展的规模和效率达到一定水平后能够缩小城乡居民收入差距;(3)城镇化水平的提高有利于缩小城乡居民收入差距。

Finance is the core of modern economic resource allocation.Whether financial development can reduce income inequality has been the problem that policy-makers and economists are concerned about.Through constructing a space econometric model and using the cross-sectional data of 31 provinces(municipalities,autonomous regions)of China in 2010,the present paper analyzed the impact of financial development on urban-rural income gap.Conclusions were as follows:firstly,the urban-rural income gap of different provinces had significantly positive spatial correlation in China;western regions showed significantly high-high gathering characteristics,and central and eastern regions showed significantly low-low gathering characteristics.Secondly,the expansion of the scale and efficiency of financial development widened the urban-rural income gap,and there was an inverted 'U' shaped relationship between them,that is,when the size and efficiency of financial development reached a certain level,they could narrow urban-rural income gap.Finally,the improvement of urbanization was conducive to narrow the urban-rural income gap.