4种优良观赏竹耐高温与抗旱性研究及其综合评价

High Temperature and Drought Resistances of 4 Excellent Ornamental Bamboo

以3年生圣音竹、龟甲竹、黄秆乌哺鸡竹、黄秆京竹4种观赏竹为试验材料,进行持续高温干旱胁迫试验,通过对叶片形态观察和测定叶片含水量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、SOD活性和游离脯氨酸量,探究高温干旱胁迫对4种观赏竹的影响。结果表明,1)在持续高温干旱胁迫下,4种观赏竹的叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,黄秆京竹的叶片相对含水量下降了17.5%,叶绿素含量下降了31.71%,下降均较少,表明其生长状况较好。MDA含量和游离脯氨酸含量呈增加趋势,黄秆京竹的MDA含量相对其他3种观赏竹仅增加了5.13倍,相对较小,表明其所受伤害少;游离脯氨酸相对于其他3种增加了1.93倍,增幅最大,表明其抗旱性较好。SOD活性呈先增加后下降的变化趋势,黄秆京竹的SOD活性增加了3.7倍,明显高于其他3种竹,提高其抗旱性。2)5个生理生化指标之间有显著相关性。3)4种观赏竹因子分析得分中,黄秆京竹得分最高为1 016,其抗旱性较好,与试验观察和指标测定结果相符。4)在持续高温干旱胁迫下,应及时进行遮荫浇水进行合理抚育措施,可维持植物正常生长。

Three-year-old seedlings of four ornamental bamboo species were used as testing materials to carry out successive drought and high temperature resistance test. Relative parameters were measured, such as leaf moisture content, MDA, SOD, and free proline content in the leaves. The result indicated that. 1） the relative water content and chlorophyll content of the leaves of 4 ornamental bamboos exhibited a declining trend. Among them,the relative water content of Phyllosiachys aureosulcata f. aureocaulis dropped by 17.5% and the chlorophyll content dropped by 31. 71%, indicating that the seedlings of this species grew well. The MDA contents and free proline contents of all species increased, in which the MDA con- tent of P. aureosulcata f. aureocaulis increased by 5.13 times, indicating the less injury by drought. The freeproline increased by 1.93 times, also indicating its good dry resistance. The then decreased. The SOD activity of P. aureosulcata f. aureocaulis increased by 3.7 times. 2）There is a significant correlation between the physiological and biochemical indexes. 3）Ph. aureosulcata f. aureocaulis had the highest score of 1 016, which demonstrated its high resistance to drought. 4）During high temperature and drought season, the seedlings of bamboos should be overshadowed and irrigated in time.