移民资源、权利、贫困与安置区发展——基于五强溪库区就地后靠安置移民的调查

Emigrants' Resources,Rights,Poverty and Settlement Area Development—The Survey Based on the Emigrants Settlement in Wuqiangxi Reservoirby Settling the Emigrants Backwardly and Locally

就地后靠安置模式下的水库移民是特殊的贫困人群。对五强溪库区就地后靠安置移民的实地调研表明,其生存空间狭小,可资利用的资源窘迫,权利难以伸张。目前,我国大部分移民资源的贫乏导致其权利无法伸张,进而产生普遍的移民贫困;因此,必须由政府介入,通过政策手段来推动移民权利的实现及其能力的提升,帮助其摆脱资源贫乏状态,进而促进安置区经济发展、消除移民贫困。具体来说,需要发展市场经济以促进公平交易和自主发展,加强教育培训以提升移民能力,创造良好环境以利于移民权利实现。

The emigrants who were settled backwardly and locally in the construction of the reservoir are a specialgroup of poverty emigrants, the spot survey on the emigrants settled backwardly and locally in Waqiangxi Reservoirshows that the emigrants have small living space, embarrassed available resources and un-promoted rights.Currently, the lacking of resources in the majority of Chinese emigrants causes the rights of the emigrants to bedifficult to be protected, further to produce ubiquitous emigration poverty. As a result, the fight protection andcapacity improvement of the emigrants must be implemented by government participation and policy regulation inorder to help the emigrants to get rid of resources insufficiency and to boost the economic development in theirsettlement areas so as to eliminate emigration poverty. In practice, China needs to develop market-oriented economyto promote fair trade and autonomous development, consolidate education and training to improve the capacity of theemigrants, and create good environment to help the realization of the emigrants＇ fights.