饲料中添加益生菌或植物提取物对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫力及抗病力的影响

Effect of dietary plant extracts and probiotics on growth,non-specific immunity and disease resistance of the Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

以基础饲料为空白对照,添加0.3%氟苯尼考（Florfenicol）为抗生素对照组,其余4组分别添加200 mg/kg RapXOL（植物提取物组）,5×109、5×1010cfu/kg和5×1011cfu/kg S12（PS1～3益生菌组）投喂初始体质量为0.4 g/尾的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）,养殖8周。结果显示,添加益生菌S12及植物提取物可明显提高对虾的成活率（P〈0.05）；添加植物提取物显著提高全虾蛋白含量（P〈0.05）。与空白对照组相比,添加益生菌S12和植物提取物均能显著提高凡纳滨对虾血细胞吞噬率、溶菌酶、SOD、酚氧化酶（PS1组除外）及抗菌活力（PS1组除外）（P〈0.05）；PS2和PS3组对虾SOD活性显著高于抗生素对照组（P〈0.05）。中期哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi）攻毒结果显示,PS2和PS3组对虾死亡率显著低于空白对照组（P〈0.05）；末期攻毒结果显示,PS1、PS2和PS3组对虾累积死亡率均显著低于空白对照组（P〈0.05）,但与抗生素对照组差异不显著。结果表明,饲料中添加益生菌S12和植物提取物RapXOL能提高对虾的成活率和免疫能力,可作为良好的免疫增强剂。

Basic diets were made of fish meal, peanut meal and soybean meal, etc. The Pacific whiteshrimps（Litopenaeus vannamei） were fed six different diets： control（non-supplemented basic diet）, anti-biotic control（supplemented with 0.3% Florfenicol）, supplemented with 200 mg/kg RapXOL（plant ex-tracts）, supplemented with 5×109cfu/kg,5×1010cfu/kg和5×1011cfu/kg S12（PS1-3）. Each diet was ran-domly fed to quadruplication groups of 40 shrimps [（0.4±0.01） g]reared in tanks. After a 8-week feed-ing, shrimps had received the extracts from plants and probiotics showed significant increased survivalcompared to control（P〈0.05）. The protein of shrimps in the extracts from plants group was significant-ly higher than in control（P〈0.05）. In treatments, activities of phagocytic rate, lysozyme, SOD, pheno-loxidase and antibacterial activity were significantly higher than in control（P〈0.05）, activities of SODand antibacterial activity in PS2 and PS3 were significantly higher than in antibiotic control. When in-fected Vibrio harveyi at 4-weeks, the mortality was significantly lower（P〈0.05） in PS2 and PS3 grouphad been administered than in control. After infected V. harveyi at 8-weeks, the mortality was signif-icantly lower in treatments than in control（P〈0.05）. There was no significance with antibioticcontrol except in the extracts from plants（RapX-OL） group. This study suggested that the dietsupplemented with the extracts from plants andprobiotic could improve survival and immunityof shrimps. They can be immunopotentiator sup-plemented in diet.