老年人跌倒相关因素及功能锻炼干预的研究进展

Progress on relevant factors of falling down and intervention of functional exercise in old people

综述老年人跌倒相关因素及功能锻炼干预的研究进展。内在因素包括年龄增加、中枢和周围神经系统衰退、感觉功能降低、肌肉力量下降、平衡能力下降、步态稳定性下降、心脑血管类疾病、神经系统疾病、药物不良反应等;外在因素包括自然环境、医院环境、家居环境等。包括运动锻炼、现代舞蹈、传统功法等在内的功能锻炼措施可有效改善老年人的平衡能力和下肢肌力,从而有利于预防老年人跌倒。

This paper reviews the progress on relevant factors ＇of falling down and intervention of functional exercise in old people. Internal factors including aging, decline of central and peripheral nervous system, sensory function, balanced capacity, gait stability, heart and cerebral vessels diseases and nervous system diseases, adverse reaction ; and external factors including natural environment, hospital environment and home environment. Functional training such as exercise, morden dance and traditional qigong can improve the balanced capacity and myodynamia of lower limbs in aged people, thus contributing to the prevention of falling down in old people.