邻苯二甲酸酯类毒理学效应及其机制研究进展

Advances of toxicology and toxicologic mechanism of phthalate esters

邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAE)作为塑料增塑剂广泛使用,根据分子量不同分为高分子量和低分子量PAE。由于塑料制品在生产和生活中的广泛应用,人体极可能直接或间接暴露于PAE。人体主要通过注射、经口、经皮及吸入4种方式暴露于PAEs。基于其对人体内分泌系统的影响,PAE被认为是一种环境内分泌干扰物。此外,PAE还具有生殖毒性作用,影响幼年个体生殖系统发育及成年个体生殖细胞发育分化。PAE通过活化过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体PPAR和DNA甲基化促进肝癌。PAE具有免疫毒性,抑制巨噬细胞免疫功能并促进过敏性哮喘。同时,PAE也是一种潜在致癌物质,对乳腺癌、卵巢癌等多种肿瘤的发生和发展具有促进作用。

Phthalate esters（ PAEs） are by far the most widely used plasticisers and are categorized as high and low,depending on their molecular weight. Because of their extensive use,humans are most likely exposed to PAEs in the workplace and home environment through direct as well as indirect sources. Injection,inhalation,intravenous injection and skin absorption are potential pathways of exposure. With respect to health effects,phthalates are often classified as endocrine disruptors because of their ability to interfere with the endocrine system in the body. Furthermore,PAEs possess reproductive toxicity because of their influence on development of the reproductive system in infancy and development and differentiation of germ cells in adults. PAEs promote pathogenesis and development of liver cancer by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor（ PPAR） and DNA methylation. In addition, PAEs,which inhibit the immune functions of macrophages and promote hypersensitive response,possess immunotoxicity. PAEs are also carcinogens that promote pathogenesis and development of cancers including breast,ovarian and some other cancers.