人工诱导草鱼和鲫鱼雌核发育的研究

STUDIES ON PRODUCTION OF GYNOGENETIC GRASS CARP AND CRUCIAN CARP

本文报导了用紫外线照射的鲤鱼精子诱导草鱼卵子雌核发育的实验结果。当用冷休克方法来实现染色体二倍化时,由于草鱼的半浮性卵对4℃以下的低温极为敏感而易被破坏,故以4～8℃低温处理20～30分钟为宜。按此条件处理,雌核发育二倍体草鱼成活率可超过实验总卵数的4%.在雌核发育二倍体成年草鱼的染色体中期分裂相中发现了精子带入的染色体片段。检查已达性成熟年龄的雌核发育的红鲫鱼,发现有较高比例的雄性鱼存在。雌核发育的雌、雄鲫鱼都是可育的。其近交子代的性比接近1∶1。这一结果说明雌核发育的雄性鲫鱼在生理上和遗传上都是真实的。

This report presents results of studies on UV-irradiated common carp sperminduced production of gynogenetic grass carp and crucian carp.For grass carp,the semi-floating egg was very sensitive to temperature belower than 4℃ and veryeasy to be damaged by low temperature,it was appropriate,when cold shockingmethod was used to produce gynogenetic diploids,to treat the egg at 4～6℃for 20 to 30 minutes,On this condition,above 4% of the treated eggs developedinto adults.Chromosome fragments introduced by UV-irradiated sperm were ob-serried in metaphase spread from adult gynogenetic diploid grass carp.Examin-ation of the adults of gynogenetic red crucian carp revealed a high rate of malefish in the population and both the males and females were reproducible.In theinbreeding progeny of gynogertetic crucian carp,the rate of male to female was1:1.This results indicated that the gynogenetic male crucian carp was a truemale fish both in physiology and in heredity.