人因分析:需要、问题和发展趋势

Human Factors Analysis: Need,Problems and Trends

论述了人因分析对人机系统的合理设计、特别是对提高系统可靠性、安全性的重要意义 ,界定了系统人因分析概念的涵义 ,提出了人因分析学科在理论与应用方面面临的九大问题 :人因分析的难度 ;对人因的再认识——个体、群体、组织 ;环境与人行为的关系 ;人员可靠性分析 ( HRA)方法 ;人误机理 ;客观性与一致性 ;数据的可用性 ;文化因素 ;组织管理层的人因分析 .最后从理论与应用两方面讨论了人因分析学科近期应发展的三个范畴 :人因分析基础研究 ;人 -机系统设计指导 ;安全评价与事故防范 .

In this paper, a definition of human factors analysis(HFA) is given, the importance of HFA to man-machine system design and the system reliability is described. A series of problems in HFA are pointed out: the difficulty of HFA, cognition to human factors-individual, group, organization, the relationship between environment and human behavior, methods of human reliability analysis(HRA), mechanism of human error, objectivity and consistency, usability of data, culture factors, and HFA on organization and management. At last, current trends in HFA are discussed from the theory and application.