我国煤炭开采和燃烧过程中的硫污染对土壤环境的影响

Effects of The Sulphuric Pollutants Caused by The Mining and Combustion of Coal on The Soil Environment in China.

我国煤炭在开采和燃烧过程中形成的硫污染物主要是酸性矿井水和二氧化硫 ,由煤炭燃烧造成的硫的干湿沉降以及煤炭开采过程中形成的酸性矿井水使土壤的物理化学性质发生变化 ,从而对土壤造成严重的破坏。主要表现在造成土壤中可溶性硫酸盐的大幅度升高 ;引起土壤的pH值下降 ;植物营养元素特别是K、Na、Ca、Mg等产生淋失 ;活性铝溶出量增加 ;有毒重金属活化 ;抑制土壤酶的活性等方面。可以通过脱硫除尘、加强绿化、建立合理的工业布局、加入土壤改良剂等措施来减少硫污染物的排放量和改善其对土壤环境的影响 ,但总量控制是关键 。

Sulphuric pollutants caused by the exploitation and combustion of coal are mainly sulphur dioxide and acid mining water.And in our country sulphur dioxide is the most important pollutant to result in acid rain,dry and wet sulphuric deposition caused by the coal combustion and the acid mining water can chang the physical and chemical characters of the soil.Therefore sulphuric pollutants have caused severe damage to the soil environment.These effects include increase of soluble sulphate level in the soil;decrease of pH of the soil;activation of Al 3+ and harmful metals;restraint of microorganism function etc.By means of removing sulphur in the coal;carrying out virescence;constructing reasonable industrial layout;adding limestone to the soil to cut down the emission of sulphuric pollutants and improve the soil.But controling the total emission is the most important measure and the most essential approach.