城市相对贫困问题中的特殊群体:城市农民工

Rural Labors in the Cities: A Special Group in the Urban Relative Poverty

改革开放以来，城市贫困问题日益突出并引起重视。与城市常住居民相比，流动到城市打工的农民无论在居住条件、物质生活、教育、健康、生活方式等方面都居于弱势，成为城市相对贫困问题中的特殊社会群体。与职工下岗造成的贫困不同，造成城市农民工相对贫困状况的起因包括户籍管理方面的暂住证制度、城市产权及其收益分配制度等制度性因素，也包括资源配置传统规则的惰性和农民工群体素质等非制度性因素。如果在可预见的未来，这些因素变化不大，城市农民工的相对贫困状况将难以改变。

The urban poverty issue has been gaining importance since the opening and reform. The rural labors moved into the cities become a special group in the urban relative poverty due to their inferior position in housing condition, material life , education, health, and life style. Unlike poverty of the laid-off workers, poverty of the rural labors is resulted from a variety of factors, including certificate of temporary residence, urban property right, resources deposition and overall quality of the rural labors. The relative poverty of the rural labors in the cities may not improve as long as these factors remain unchanged. Zhang Dunfu, born in 1965, is doctoral candidate, Department of Sociology, Peking University.