摘要
位于波的尼亚湾的瓦萨是波罗的海沿岸有代表性的中等城市。本文论述了瓦萨对周围海域的影响,以及该市对海洋污染的反应。瓦萨的废水处理历史有力地表明,第一代的环境问题,如城市废水排放造成的污染问题,只是在一个漫长的发展过程之后作为最后的一着得到解决的。1953年建成了第一座废水处理厂。从长远来看,如果当初接受了建立中央处理厂的方案,那么城市政策不用为环境和城市本身付出那么大的代价了。在瓦萨,环境本身并没有起到激励作用,所发生的变化的诱因是城市废水排放造成的健康危害、有害恶臭以及恶劣的户外游泳条件。最后万不得已时才采取了行动。本文还论述了环境研究的社会科学办法。
Vaasa, located on the Gulf of Bothnia, is representative of medium-sized cities on the coast of the Baltic Sea. This article discusses Vaasa's impact on the surrounding sea area and the city's reactions to the pollution of the sea. The history of wastewater treatment in Vaasa strongly suggests that first-guneration environmental problems, e.g. the pollution problems caused by municipal wastewater discharges, were solved only as a last resort after a prolonged development process. The first wastewater treatment plant was-completed in 1953. In the long run, municipal policies became more costly for the environment and for the town itself than would have been the case if the option of constructing a central treatment plant had been accepted in the first instance. In Vaasa. the environment itseli did not provide the incentive, the change was motivated by health risks, noxious odors and poor outdoor-bathing possibilities that resulted from.municipal wastewater discharges. No action was taken until ultimately forced by necessity. This article also discusses social science approaches to erivironmental studies.
