稻/牧草-鹅农牧结合模式农田生态环境效应分析

Analysis of ecological and environmental effects of coordination of farming and animal husbandry of “rice-ryegrass-goose”.

1997～1999年田间试验研究表明,冬种黑麦草养殖菜鹅的稻/牧草-鹅农牧结合生产模式在不施除草剂的情况下能有效控制田间冬季杂草,实施该模式后翌年冬闲时田间杂草群落密度仅为稻/麦对照模式的8.88％,且冬季田间杂草群落结构发生变化,“看麦娘”、“猪殃殃”、“大巢菜”分别占15.38％、30.77％和30.77％,即单子叶杂草所占比例明显低于稻/麦复种连作田。该模式比稻/麦复种连作方式土壤总N、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别高23.13％、27.10％、31.25％、98.37％和46.73％,土壤理化性状明显改善,且可减少除草剂、杀虫剂施用量,降低土壤有毒物质的残留。总结了该模式的系统耦合技术并提出该模式的发展策略。

According to the results of field experiments from 1997 to 1999 , there is a significant control effect on winter weed after the coordination of farming and animal husbandry of rice-ryegrass-goose without any herbicide. The weed community density of winter-fallow-field after rice/ryegrass just accounts for 8.88% of that after rice/wheat in the second year. The weed community structure is also different,the percentages of Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. ,Galium aparine linn. var. tenerum and Vicia sativa are 15.38%, 30.77% and 30.77% respectively,mono-cotyledonous weed isn't the main weed in winter after rice/ryegrass. At the same time,soil fertility has a big increase and the characteristics of soil chemical and physical are improved. Compared with the traditional pattern of rice/wheat, the content of total N,organic matter, effective N,effective P and effective K increase by 23.13%,27. 10% ,31.25% ,98.37% and 46.73% respectively in the second year of rice/ryegrass-goose. Moreover,there is a big decrease of toxicant remaining because of the dosage decrease of herbicide and pesticide in the whole year. Finally, cropping and feeding technology for system coupling is summarized,and the development strategy is put forward in this paper.