影响按蚊吸血行为的相关因素研究

Study on the factors affecting the blood-sucking behavior of Anopheles

目的有效阻止蚊虫的叮咬是预防蚊虫传播类疾病的重要手段,本研究旨在较系统地观察影响按蚊吸血行为的相关因素。方法首先确定按蚊50%吸血率并作为评判按蚊吸血效率的标准;然后系统观察环境温度、时间周期、蚊龄、鼠龄以及疟原虫感染等因素对按蚊吸血效率的影响。结果按蚊完成50%吸血率的时间为7.8min,饥饿状态和早期蚊龄(2-8日蚊)是促进按蚊吸血的自身因素;相对低温(21℃)和夜间时段(20时-凌晨2时)是利于按蚊吸血的环境因素,幼鼠和疟原虫感染的小鼠是提高按蚊吸血的宿主因素,其中疟原虫、宿主的贫血和体温变化并非促进按蚊吸血的直接因素。结论影响按蚊叮咬宿主的因素较为复杂,不但受按蚊饥饿状态、蚊龄等内在因素的影响,而且还受外界温度、时间节律、鼠龄及其感染状况的影响。这可为有效预防蚊虫叮咬措施的制定提供重要的理论和实验依据。

Objective Effective prevention of mosquito bites is an important measure to prevent mosquito borne diseases. The purpose of this study is to systematically investigate the related factors that affect the blood-sucking behavior of Anopheles mosquitoes.Methods The time for finishing the 50% blood sucking-rate of Anopheles was used as the evaluating standard for the blood-sucking efficiency of Anopheles.The effects of environmental temperature,diurnal rhythm,mosquito age,mice age and infection of plasmodium on the blood-sucking efficiency of Anopheles mosquitoes were systematically investigated. Results The 50% blood-sucking rate was 7.8 minutes.Starvation and early mosquito age (2-8 days of mosquitoes)were the self-factors of Anopheles mosquitoes to promote blood sucking by Anopheles mosquitoes.Relatively low temperature (21℃and night time (8 pm to 2 am)were the environmental factors that were conducive to blood sucking by Anopheles mosquitoes.Mice pups and Plasmodium infected mice were the host factors that increase the blood-sucking of Anopheles mosquitoes. Plasmodium,host anemia and changes in body temperature were not the direct factors in promoting blood-sucking of Anopheles mosquitoes.Conclusion The factors affecting Anopheles bites host are more complicated,not only affected by internal factors such as Anopheles hunger status and mosquito age,but also affected by external temperature,diurnal rhythm,age and infection status.This can provide important theoretical and experimental basis for the effective prevention of mosquito bites.