组合政策下建筑废弃物管理模型的动态仿真

Dynamic simulation of construction waste management model under combination policies

为减少建筑废弃物非法倾倒总量和提高其回收利用率,本文先后引入了惩罚和补贴机制,并以深圳市为例运用系统动力学原理和灰色系统相结合的方法建立了建筑废弃物管理模型.首先,对罚款和补贴作灵敏性分析,得到其合理取值范围.其次,通过仿真模拟,分析了收费.罚款和补贴的单一政策的优点与不足.最后,对收费、罚款和补贴的各种组合方案进行了比较.研究结果表明:单一罚款政策虽然能够显著降低废弃物非法倾倒总量,但对回收和填埋总量的改善却很有限.单一收费政策虽然能够有效地减少废弃物的填埋总量,但对非法倾倒和回收总量的作用效果也十分有限.而补贴政策虽然极大地提升了可回收废弃物总量,但不能有效地降低非法倾倒和填埋总量,因此,单一政策均存在一定的局限,相反,组合政策能够综合集成收费、罚款和补贴三种单一政策的优势,具有多重作用.

This paper has introduced the penalty and subsidy mechanism in order to reduce the amount of illegally dumped waste and increase the ratio of recycled waste.First of all,the sensitivity analyses of penalty and subsidy were conducted to obtain reasonable values.Secondly,through simulation to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the single policy of charging fee,penalty and subsidy.Finally,the various combinations of these three policies were compared.In addition,we can obtain the following results:Although the single penalty policy can significantly reduce the amount of illegally dumped waste, the improvement in the amount of recycling and landfill are limited.Although the single charging fee policy can effectively reduce amount of construction waste landfill,the improve of amount of illegally dumped and recycling waste are also limited.While the subsidy policy can greatly increase the amount of recycled waste,it cannot effectively decrease the amount of illegally dumped and landfill waste.Therefore,there are limits to the single policy.On the contrary,the combination policies have multiple functions because they can combine the advantages of charging fee,penalty and subsidy.